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Devil's Hole State Park, Niagara Falls
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Location / Directions / Maps / Parking   Seasons / Hours / Fees
Devil's Hole State Park is located on the American side of the Niagara River, next to Whirlpool State Park, just few miles north of Niagara Falls near Lewiston in Niagara County, New York
Maps: Google map; Bing maps (bird's eye); Multi (topo)
GPS: Main parking area: (N 43.13303 / W 79.04762);
Devil's Hole: (N 43.13382 / W 79.04549);
Cave (approx.) (N 43.13485 / W 79.04471)
Directions from the south (Niagara Falls): Take the Robert Moses State Parkway north to the State Park.
Directions from the east
: It is best to use Google Directions.

Map of the general region
Devil's Hole Location

Parking: Parking is available in two lots near the park entrance on the Robert Moses State Parkway. There are both northbound and southbound lots. If one is full, pass it, turn around and try the lot for the opposite direction. For the northbound lot, there is a pedestrian bridge allowing pedestrians to easily cross the parkway. There is parking for nearly 80 cars.

Seasons: Devil's Hole State Park is open year-round. Sections of the gorge trail may not be accessible (or safe) during times of heavy rain or snow.
Best season to visit: Autumn for the foliage and fishing. Summer to get away from the tourist crowds at the Falls.
Hours: Dawn to dusk.
Admission: Free.

   
  Description
 
 
 
   
Contact Information  
Devil's Hole State Park
c/o Niagara Frontier Region
PO Box 1132,
Niagara Falls, NY 14303
Phone: (716) 284-5778

nysparks.state.ny.us
 
   
Accommodations / Amenities  
Handicap accessibility: Yes. The restrooms and overlook. Park in the southbound lot. The gorge is not accessible.
Pets: Household pets are allowed. They must be caged or on a leash not more than 6 feet. They are not allowed in the restroom and it is best not to let them swim in the water.
State Park amenities: Picnic tables; restrooms, hiking trails, fishing, historic markers, scenic views.
Swim: Swimming in the Niagara river at this park is not allowed and can be highly dangerous.
Boat launch: This park is not equipped with a boat launch. For launching, visit Fort Niagara State Park or the public marina in Lewiston.
Fishing: Devil's Hole State Park offers some of the best fishing in the Niagara Region. Fisherman cast from shore or boat down from the northern launches to harvest massive salmon and trout amidst the grand sights of the gorge, rapids and power plants. Winter steelhead fishing has become increasingly popular and is probably the
reason for most winter visits to this park. The hike down and then up the gorge can be grueling, so pack light and bring a partner for safety.
 
   
Hiking / Walking Trails  
Difficulty: Difficult.
Markings: Trails are well established, but not labeled.
Distance:
A 300 ft winding stone stairway down into the gorge, which connects with the several mile long gorge trail. A loop from Devil's Hole Parking area, down into the gorge, back up at Whirlpool State Park and back to Devil's Hole is roughly 2.5 miles.
Description
: The Ongiara Trail is an excellent opportunity to experience Devil's Hole and neighboring Whirlpool State Parks and get a good workout at the same time. for a longer hike through these two parks, view the trail guide on the Whirlpool State Park page.

1. Start at the gorge overlook at Devil's Hole, and head down the stone stairway. There are an estimated 410 steps heading down. They are overgrown with weeds, crumbling and constant rock slides morph and cover the trail. Watch your step and be mindful of those making the climb up--their task is a bit more grueling. When descending the stairs take note of the different strata (rock layers) that make up the Niagara gorge.

2. At the bottom, head left (south) on the connecting trail. Many openings along the way make for good views of the lower Whirlpool Rapids and are often used by fishermen. Keep on this trail for 1.1 miles / 1.8 km. Sections of the trail are crumbling, muddy or may be covered in fallen rocks or downed trees. The State does little to maintain it. Be careful, carry a first aid kit, and be sure to hike with a partner. Stay clear of the water. The rapids here are extremely dangerous and can be misleading. People have died here by slipping in.

3. Reach the stairs at Whirlpool State Park. You can head up here, or you can explore the shore and view the upper Whirlpool Rapids upstream. The steps leading up are just as arduous as those at Devil's Hole.

4. The Gorge Rim at Whirlpool State Park offers excellent views of the Whirlpool, Aero Car, and gorge. Travel on the path along the gorge heading North (right if you are facing the river). Along the way the trail merges with a closed lane of the Robert Moses State Parkway. Follow this for roughly a mile back to the Devil's Hole parking area.

Map: See below.

 
     
Interactive Map Devil's Hole State Park
Drag the map to move around and use the Zoom Ladder on the right to zoom in.
Zooming in will show more points of interest. Click on the icons for more information.
 
     

     

Devil's Hole History

12,000 - 11,000
 years ago
- Niagara Falls carves out the Niagara Gorge as it recedes south. Around this time the Falls was located in the Devil's Hole area. For more History of the Falls itself, see the Niagara Falls Historical Timeline.
11,000 - 10,000
years ago
- The ancient glacial Lake Tonawanda covers a large portion of western New York. One of its many outlets is Bloody Run, which carried water over the Niagara Gorge at Devil's Hole, creating a massive waterfall, and carving out the namesake notch in the gorge.

The ancient lake was fed by the waters of Lake Erie whose water level, as the climate warmed from the last ice age, began dropping. The Niagara River quickly became the dominant outlet between Lake Erie and Lake  Iroquois (now Lake Ontario), rather than feeding Tonawanda and the lake eventually dried up. Bloody Run, which carved out the small notch, diminished greatly before it had a chance to carve a large gorge perpendicular to the Niagara.

Iroquois Nation - Seneca Indians used the Devil's Hole as a passage to get to the Niagara River.
This is one of the few natural paths down into the gorge.
Colonial America - By the 1760s the French and British were well settled in the region, and although their war continued in Europe, their properties in the American colonies were fairly at ease. The British controlled the Niagara Portage on the American side, which allowed supplies to be passed north and south across land and up/down the Niagara escarpment where the river's rapids and falls prevented ship's passage. Initially local Seneca did the grunt work for the colonies--escorting and carrying the supplies along the Portage by hand.

With better mapping of the region, as well as expansion and development of the trail systems and roads, the British began replacing Indian couriers with horse-drawn covered wagons, leaving hundreds of young men unemployed and jaded. Indian sentiments in the Great Lakes Region were souring at this time, and unemployment was a major catalyst in a crusade to rid the land of the white man. Uprisings against British settlements and forts were becoming more common, and the safe transportation of supplies to them became all the more crucial to their ability to withstand these attacks. The Portage became the link between many forts in the Niagara region and was subject to many assaults.

Devil's Hole Massacre
September 14, 1763
- The man in charge of the Niagara Portage was "Master of the Portage" John Stedman. His governance over the trail led to many improvements and changes in employment of local Seneca. Not only was he in charge of the Portage maintenance, but also the safe and secure transportation of important shipments.

One such shipment was led by Stedman on September 14, 1763 from Fort Schlosser in Niagara Falls en route north to Fort Niagara to the north. As the convoy traveled along the gorge rim near the Devil's Hole cove they were ambushed by an estimated force of 300 to 500 Seneca Indians. Stedman escaped quickly, heading back south to Fort Schlosser to obtain reinforcements, but most of the convoy personnel were either killed by arrow fire or driven, along with the wagons and animals, into the gorge at Devil's Hole. The sounds of the battle were heard in nearby Fort Grey in Lewiston, and the British 80th Regiment was dispatched as reinforcements. Reinforcements made it about a mile from Devil's Hole when they themselves where ambushed and quickly decimated. Although reports about survivors vary, general consensus is that there were three survivors of the massacre at Devil's Hole: Stedman, a civilian worker, and a young boy who was thrown from a supply wagon before it was run off the cliff, who then hid in bushes until it was over. Less than 10 soldiers of the reinforcements survived. An estimated 134 of the British force were killed, with only one Seneca injured.

Soldiers from Fort Schlosser arrived shortly after the second ambush, but quickly retreated to the fort after seeing the aftermath. Days later they returned to Devil's Hole only to find the wagons, animals and most of the bodies in the cove below, many of which had been scalped. Descriptions of the scene were told of the small tributary at Devil's Hole and were said to have been saturated red with blood. This is how the creek at Devil's Hole got the name "Bloody Run."

The Devil's Hole Massacre was indeed a horrifying event to happen to the colonies, but it had the opposite effect the Seneca were hoping for. Instead of driving the white man from the region, the British quickly reinforced their presence and took a hard-line attitude towards future Indian relations.

1887 - Municipal park architects Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux devise a plan to establish several parks along the Niagara River, including Devil's Hole.
1895 - The Niagara Gorge Belt Line Railroad opened The Great Gorge Route, carrying passengers along the Niagara River from Niagara Falls, NY to Lewiston, passing right by Devils Hole. It quickly becomes one of the most popular tourist attractions at Niagara.
1927 - Devil's Hole State Park opens. It included more acreage than it does today.
September 13, 1935 - A major rock slide, one of many that plagued the line, closes the Niagara Gorge Belt Line Railroad permanently.
1962 - The north end of the park is cut off by an access road, which eventually leads to the newly built Robert Moses Power Plant. Stone from the excavation of the plant, its tunnels, and the road is dumped onto the gorge in and around Devil's Hole. 
2001 - Two of the four lanes of the Robert Moses State Parkway are closed (on a trial basis) and designated as multi-use trails. Diminishing tourism in the Niagara region and decreased use of this scenic byway allow for the closed.
     
     

Links of Interest

 

The Niagara Power Project

History
Battle of Devil's Hole
Devil's Hole Massacre
Lewiston History

Fishing
Niagara Region Fishing Guide
Fishing in the Lower Niagara River

Misc.
Niagara Falls Guide
Whirlpool Jet Boats Tours

Books
Guide to the Geology and Paleontology of Niagara Falls and Vicinity

Multimedia
Jet-ski Niagara footage
Steelhead Fishing the Niagara River (Devil's Hole)
Devil's Hole
Jet Boat Tours - Devil's Hole Niagara Falls
Plunge Holes

  Robert Moses Power PlantThe Niagara Power Project, just north of Devil's Hole State Park, harnesses the power of the Niagara river as is tumbles over the gorge wall and through the plant's massive turbines. The "Project" is a combination of  underground canals that usher water from the Niagara River upstream and stores it in a 1,900-acre reservoir. Water from the reservoir is then sent through the Lewiston Pump-Generating Plant's 12 pump-turbines.

After the Lewiston Plant, water is held in a 740-gallon bay where it awaits the massive Robert Moses Power Pant's 13 turbines as it takes water down to the river below.

When it first opened in 1961, it was the largest hydropower plant in the western world. It currently has a generating capacity of 2.4 million Kilowatts.